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Elbows or Ells are available in either 90 degree or 45 degree change of direction in pipe runs. Ells are normally used as LR or long radius where the centerline of curvature equal to 1 ½ times the NPS of the pipe. SR or short radius ells are also available. These have a centerline of curvature equal to the NPS of the pipe. Reducing Elbows make a 90 degree change in direction and also change the size of the pipe run. These have a centerline of curvature equal to 1 ½ times the NPS of the larger pipe size. Straight and reducing tees are used to make 90 degree branches off of a main pipe run. Straight tees have both branches of the same size. Reducing tees have a branch smaller then the main run. Bullhead tees have a branch that is larger then the main run are seldom used. There are several styles of olets available. These are made by Bonney Forge. They are used as an alternative branch connection and do not require any reinforcements. Weldolets are used to make a 90 degree branch as either full size or reduced off of a straight pipe. Weldolets allow closer manifolding then tees permit. Flat-based weldolets are available for connecting to pipe caps and vessel heads. The socket weld version is called a sockolet and the threaded is called threadolet. Elbolets are basically weldolets but are designed to match the curvature of a 90 degree LR or SR elbow. The elbolet makes a reducing branch that is tangent to the ell. Laterolet are used to make a 45 degree reducing branch away from a straight run of pipe. Sweepolets are also used to make a 90 degree reducing branch from a straight run of pipe. These are used for improved flow patterns and where optimum stress distribution is desired. |
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