Adjectives

General Information:
The adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun. It's in the same case, number and gender as the noun or pronoun it describes.
Some adjectives are also used as pronouns.
 

Attributive adjectives:
These stands before the noun if they describe an incidental feature of it and they follow the noun when they describe a intrinsic feature.
Nominative singular:
There are 3 groups of them:
group a: adjectives that end in y (for masculine form), a (for feminine form) and e (for neuter form).
group b: adjectives that end in gi/ga/gie or ki/ka/kie.
group c: adjectives that end in i/ia/ie.

a few adjectives have an alternative form of masculine singular nominative:
ciekaw: ciekawy
godzien: godny
gotów: gotowy
pełen: pełny
pewien: pewny
świadom: świadomy
wesół: wesoły
winien: winny
zdrów: zdrowy
rad and wart don't have any long form.
Nominative plural:
All adjectives not referring to all men or men+women groups use the nominative singular neuter form.
Adjectives referring to a group of men or a group of men and women take the ending i. But some consonant alternations do occur.
 

old	new
de	dzi
łe	li
ne	ni
sze	si
te	ci
we	wi
złe	źli
że	zi
the ending: -oni	-eni

In some cases, if sound demands, the ending is y.
 

Possessive adjectives:
 

Object is: ->	masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	non-men plural	men plural
my	mój	moja	moje	moje	moi
your (singular)	twój	twoja	twoje	twoje	twoi
our	nasz	nasza	nasze	nasze	nasi
your (plural)	wasz	wasza	wasze	wasze	wasi

For the polite forms (pan, pani, etc.) you use their genitive form since they are not adjectives but nouns.

The forms for jego (his), jej (her) and ich (their) do not decline at all. In fact they use the genitive of the personal pronoun.

There is an other word to express possession: swój. It means "my own", "your own", "his own" etc.:

masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	non-men plural	men plural
swój	swoja	swoje	swoje	swoi

Demonstrative adjectives:
These point an object out.
 

	masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	non-men plural	men plural
this, these	ten	ta	to	te	ci
that, those	temten	tamta	tamto	te	ci
such	taki	taka	takie	takie	tacy

demonstrative "self":
For this you use sam/sama/samo not się. This adjective agrees to the noun's or pronoun's gender, number and case.

To express "the same" meaning the same identity you use ten + sam/sama/samo. Plus "co" for comparisons.
To express "the same" meaning the same appearance, design, character, etc. you use taki + sam/sama/samo. Plus "jak" for comparisons.
 

Distributive adjectives:
These are used the select things out of a set.

	singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter	plural non-men	plural men
all, each/every	każdy	każda	każde	wszystkie	wszyscy
no, not one/not any	żaden	żadna	żadne	żadne	żadni
some	niektóry	niektóra	niektóre	niewktóre	niektórzy

Interrogative adjectives:
Use these to ask a question. Usually it's separated from the noun.

	singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter	plural non-men	men
of what type	jaki	jaka	jakie	jakie	jacy
which	który	która	które	które	którzy
whose	czyj	czyja	czyje	czyje	czyi

Relative adjectives:
You use them too express "what" and "which" followed by a noun.
To express this you take the form that corresponds with the noun of the adjective "który".
 

Indefinite adjectives:
You add the ś at the end of the declined adjective. This is done to express some.
However "some" is also expressed when using the genitive case.
"Any" is expressed by żaden. While "Many" and "a few" are adverbs.
 

Numerical adjectives:
Numbers, cardinal and ordinal, decline as adjectives. See also Numerals.
 

Differences in usage:
After verbs of looking, feeling you use an adverb.
 

Declension:
Note: For male persons you use the genitive instead of the accusative. In men plural nominative and vocative cases you use the ending of nominative plural men declination for nouns.

Adjectives in y, a and e:

	singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter	plural non-men	plural men
Nominative	y	a	e	e	i or y
Vocative	y	a	e	e	i or y
Accusative	y	ą	e	e
Genitive	ego	ej	ego	ych	ych
Locative	ym	ej	ym	ych	ych
Instrumental	ym	ą	ym	ymi	ymi
Dative	emu	ej	emu	ym	ym

Adjectives in i, a and ie:

	singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter	plural non-men	plural men
Nominative	i	a	ie	ie	i or y
Vocative	i	a	ie	ie	i or y
Accusative	i	ą	ie	ie
Genitive	iego	iej	iego	ich	ich
Locative	im	iej	im	ich	ich
Instrumental	im	ą	im	imi	imi
Dative	iemu	iej	iemu	im	im

Possessive adjectives mój, twój and swój:

	singular masculine	singular feminine	singular neuter	plural non-men	plural men
Nominative	(s;t)mój	(s;t)moja	(s;t)moje	(s;t)moje	(s;t)moi
Vocative	(s;t)mój	(s;t)moja	(s;t)moje	(s;t)moje	(s;t)moi
Accusative	(s;t)mój	(s;t)moją	(s;t)moje	(s;t)moje
Genitive	(s;t)mojego	(s;t)mojej	(s;t)mojego	(s;t)moich	(s;t)moich
Locative	(s;t)moim	(s;t)mojej	(s;t)moim	(s;t)moich	(s;t)moich
Instrumental	(s;t)moim	(s;t)moją	(s;t)moim	(s;t)moimi	(s;t)moimi
Dative	(s;t)mojemu	(s;t)mojej	(s;t)mojemu	(s;t)moim	(s;t)moim

nasz and wasz are declined as adjectives with ending y. In plural men nominative and vocative they take the ending i.

Demonstrative adjectives ten, ta and to:

	singular masculine	feminine	neuter	plural non-men	men
Nominative	ten	ta	to	te	ci
Vocative
Accusative	ten	tę	to	te
Genitive	tego	tej	tego	tych	tych
Locative	tym	tej	tym	tych	tych
Instrumental	tym	tą	tym	tymi	tymi
Dative	temu	tej	temu	tym	tym

Adjectival participles:
There are 3 forms: present active, present passive and past passive. They are used to replace a relative clause.
All these decline as normal adjectives.
The present forms are made with imperfect verbs only, while the past form uses perfective verbs only.

Present active:
Translates the ending "ing"
To form: add the endings below to the present participle of the verb.

Singular masculine	ący
Singular feminine	ąca
Singular neuter	ące
Plural non-men	ące
Plural men	ący

Present passive:
Translates "being"
To form: remove the ć from the verb's infinitive and add the ending any/ana/ane/ane/ani. They are declined as normal adjectives.

Past passive:
Translates "who, which, that has, had been"
To form:
Verbs in ać and eć: remove the ć or eć from the infinitive and add any/ana/ane/ane/ani.
Verbs ending ić and yć: remove the ć or yć and add ony/ona/one/one/eni.
Verbs ending ść with d or t in 1st person singular: remove ść and add dziony/dziona/dzione/dzione/dzieni.
Verbs ending in źć: remove the źć and add ziony/ziona/zione/zione/zieni.
Verbs ending in nąć: remove the nąć and add ięty/ięta/ięte/ięte/ięci.
Verbs ending in ąć: remove the ąć and add ęty/ęta/ęte/ęte/ęci.
Verbs ending in ić, yć and uć with j occurring in future tense: remove the ć and add ity/ita/ite/ite/ici.
 

Comparative:
Most adjectives' comparative form is made by replacing the ending (y, a, ie, e, i, ki, gi, oki, ogi, eki) with these below.

singular masculine	szy
singular feminine	sza
singular neuter	sze
plural non-men	sze
plural men	si

e.g.: nowy: mowszy, mowsza, nowsze, nowsze and nowsi
In some cases the adjective softens it's hard stem - so that sometimes also vowel alternations do occur:

g	ż	długi: dłuższy
n	ń	tani: tańszy
ł	l	miły: milszy
a/o	e	biały: bielszy
ą	ę	gorący: gorętszy

Adjectives that have already two or more consonants at the stem ending insert ej before the new ending: ładny: ładnieszy
And here again some consonants do change:

ł	l
r	rz
st	ść
t	ć
ć	ci

There are also some irregular forms:

dobry: lepszy	zły: groszy
duży, wielki: większy	mały: miłńejszy
bliski: bliższy	niski: niższy
wysoki: wyższy	lekki: lżjeszy
cienki: cieńszy	mądry: mądrzejszy

Apart from the irregular forms above, there is a number of adjectives that's comparative is formed completely different.
These adjectives are usually long or seldom used adjectives as well as those preceded by nie.
Their comparative is formed by putting bardziej before the adjective.
interesujący: bardziej interesujący
leniwy: bardziej leniwy
niebezpieczny: bardziej niebezpieczny

To compare you have to use niż. However you can replace this conjunction with the preposition od followed by the genitive case while you would use the nominative with niż.
 

Superlative:
To form this you add naj before the adjective. Adjectives that use bardziej in the comparative add naj before the bardziej.

There are two ways to emphasis the superlative.
1st by adding ze wszystkich to express "of all".
2nd by putting jak before the adjective to express "as...as possible".
 

Negation:
To express the opposite of a adjective put the particle nie at the beginning of the adjective.
 

Formation from verbs:
Put the suffix ny/na/ne to the verb stem. Sometimes an extra l is added before this suffix.
 

Formation from nouns:
There is a big amount of possible endings: ski/cki/dzki, owy, ny, czny or ijny/yiny. When such a suffix is added, nouns ending in a vowel lose the ending, nouns in ek lost the e. Nouns in ó as the last stem vowel change it to o. After hard stem consonant groups an extra e is added.