Regulars:
Adverbs are made out of the corresponding adjective. The ending -y/-i
is replaced by -o (in some cases with -ie). A "s" before
-nie changes to the soft ś. (własny -> właśnie)
długi -> długo (long)
ładny -> ładnie (nice/ly)
wolny -> wolno (slow/ly)
Irregulars:
They add an e because of that consonant alternations occur.
dobry -> dobrze
mądry -> mądrze
zły -> źle
The adjective duży (big) has two adverbs: dużo and wiele.
Dużo meaning much, is used for non-countable nouns while wiele (many) with
plural nouns. The following noun is in the genitive case.
| b -> bi | z -> zi |
| p -> pi | ł -> l |
| n -> ni | g -> ż |
| m -> mi | t -> c |
| w -> wi | d -> dz |
| c ->ci | r -> rz |
| s -> si | ch -> sz |
Adverbs ending in -ko/-eko/-oko replace their whole ending with -ej while the same softings occur as mentioned above.
There are a few irregular adverbs:
| bardzo (very) | bardiej (more) |
| dobrze (well) | lepiej (better) |
| dużo (much) | więcej (more) |
| gorąco (hotly) | goręcej (more hotly) |
| krótko (short) | krócej (shorter) |
| lekko (lightly) | lżej (more lightly) |
| mało (little) | mniej (less) |
| szybko (fast) | szybciej (faster) |
| wąsko (narrowly) | wężej (narrowly) |
| wesoło (cheerfully) | weselej (more cheerfully) |
| źle (badly) | gorzej (worse) |
For more details on comparative look at the page about adjectives.
Superlative:
To form the superlative add (as with adjectives) naj before
the comparative of an adverb. (ładniej -> najładniej)
Negation:
Most adverbs form their opposite form by adding nie in the beginning.
(dobrze -> niedobrze)
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